No Surprises Act & State IDR Guides
Indiana No Surprises Act & IDR Guide
Indiana does not operate an independent state-level arbitration forum or specified state law for commercial out-of-network surprise medical billing. Under IC 27-1-45 et seq., out-of-network dispute resolution for emergency services, post-stabilization care, non-emergency services at in-network facilities, and air ambulance transports in Indiana defaults directly to the Federal No Surprises Act (45 CFR § 149.510) Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) process administered by CMS.
Plain-language overview
Direct Federal Jurisdiction: Out-of-network balance billing disputes in Indiana fall under the Federal No Surprises Act IDR process via CMS.
Indiana does not operate an independent state-level arbitration forum or specified state law for commercial out-of-network surprise medical billing. Under IC 27-1-45 et seq., out-of-network dispute resolution for emergency services, post-stabilization care, non-emergency services at in-network facilities, and air ambulance transports in Indiana defaults directly to the Federal No Surprises Act (45 CFR § 149.510) Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) process administered by CMS.
Start with plan jurisdiction, not the provider's location alone. Fully insured coverage may be governed by a specified state process, while self-funded employer plans commonly remain in the Federal Independent Dispute Resolution process. Confirm eligibility from the remittance, plan information, applicable state law, and current federal guidance before opening a dispute.
Which process applies in Indiana?
Federal No Surprises Act Fallback
Because Indiana has not enacted an alternative specified state dispute mechanism approved under 45 CFR § 149.30, both state-regulated commercial plans under IC 27-1-45 et seq. and federally regulated self-funded ERISA group health plans are adjudicated through the Federal IDR process.
ERISA And Commercial Scope
All comprehensive commercial coverage types in Indiana—including individual market policies, small and large group employer plans, and self-insured health plans—utilize standard federal open negotiation and certified IDR entities.
Air Ambulance Scope
Air ambulance payment disputes arising in Indiana are governed exclusively under federal No Surprises Act statutory standards and must be initiated through the federal IDR portal.
Open negotiation requirements
Federal Process
Providers and facilities in Indiana must submit a compliant Open Negotiation Notice (CMS-10779) to the payer within 30 business days of receiving an initial payment or notice of denial. The parties must complete a mandatory 30-business-day open negotiation period before federal arbitration can be initiated.
State Process
Not applicable. Indiana does not maintain an independent state-level conciliation or mediation process under IC 27-1-45 et seq. for commercial balance billing disputes.
Federal and state IDR procedure
Federal Dispute Forum
Disputes arising in Indiana are initiated through the CMS Federal IDR Portal (nsa-idr.cms.gov). CMS assigns an approved Certified Independent Dispute Resolution Entity (CIDRE) to arbitrate the dispute.
Baseball Style Arbitration
Under federal law, the certified IDR entity conducts final-offer ("baseball-style") arbitration. The IDR entity evaluates the Qualifying Payment Amount (QPA), provider qualifications, patient acuity, facility market share, and demonstrative evidence to select either the provider or the payer final offer without compromise.
State Dispute Forum
No separate state dispute forum is maintained in Indiana; Indiana Department of Insurance oversees insurer licensing under IC 27-1-45 et seq. and coordinates with CMS for provider-payer payment disputes.
No Surprises Act and IDR deadlines
Deadlines can depend on the trigger event and may be affected by agency relief notices. Confirm the live rule before filing.
| Event | Timeframe |
|---|---|
| Initial Payment or Notice of Denial in Indiana | Payer must issue payment or notice of denial within 30 calendar days of clean claim receipt |
| Federal Open Negotiation Notice Submission (Indiana) | Initiating party must send compliant notice within 30 business days from receipt of payment or denial notice |
| Open Negotiation Period Duration (Indiana) | Strict 30 business days duration from open negotiation service date |
| Federal IDR Initiation (Indiana) | Must be filed in the CMS portal within 4 business days after open negotiation period ends |
Documentation checklist
- Copy of patient health insurance identification card front and back (establishing plan sponsor and ERISA vs. Indiana state jurisdiction)
- Itemized billing statement (CMS-1500 or UB-04) showing procedure codes, modifiers, and billed charges
- Explanation of Benefits (EOB) or Electronic Remittance Advice (ERA) detailing initial payment amount, Qualifying Payment Amount (QPA), and CARC/RARC codes
- Standard CMS Open Negotiation Notice Form (CMS-10779) with certified electronic delivery or certified mail delivery confirmation
- Evidentiary submission demonstrating clinician training, board certification, facility teaching status, case complexity, and regional commercial rate data in Indiana
Responsible agencies
- Indiana Department of InsuranceIndiana Insurance Regulation & Market Conduct (IC 27-1-45 et seq.)
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) / CCIIOFederal No Surprises Act & IDR Portal Oversight
Primary legal and regulatory sources
- Indiana Code Title 27, Article 1, Chapter 45Indiana Insurance Oversight · IC 27-1-45 et seq.
- Indiana Department of Insurance Official PortalIndiana Department of Insurance · State Insurance Regulator
- 45 CFR § 149.510 — Federal Independent Dispute Resolution ProcessU.S. Government Publishing Office / CMS · Current Federal Regulation
This operational reference is educational, is not legal advice, and does not create an attorney-client relationship.
Related forms and official resources
Common questions
- Does Indiana use state surprise-billing arbitration or Federal IDR?
- Indiana does not operate an independent state-level arbitration forum or specified state law for commercial out-of-network surprise medical billing. Under IC 27-1-45 et seq., out-of-network dispute resolution for emergency services, post-stabilization care, non-emergency services at in-network facilities, and air ambulance transports in Indiana defaults directly to the Federal No Surprises Act (45 CFR § 149.510) Independent Dispute Resolution (IDR) process administered by CMS.
- What No Surprises Act and IDR deadlines should providers track in Indiana?
- Initial Payment or Notice of Denial in Indiana: Payer must issue payment or notice of denial within 30 calendar days of clean claim receipt; Federal Open Negotiation Notice Submission (Indiana): Initiating party must send compliant notice within 30 business days from receipt of payment or denial notice; Open Negotiation Period Duration (Indiana): Strict 30 business days duration from open negotiation service date. Verify the trigger date, current agency notices, and any extension before acting.
- Which agencies administer these rules in Indiana?
- The guide identifies Indiana Department of Insurance, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) / CCIIO. The correct agency depends on the plan and claim jurisdiction.